Two of the most dramatic of these migrations were slavery and European colonization. The subsequent admixture between slaves, Europeans, and indigenous populations led to the formation of new populations. One, at the southern tip of Africa, was a group that became known as Afrikaners. Afrikaners predominantly stem from Dutch, French, and German immigrants who settled in the Cape, in South Africa, during the second half of the 17th century and the first half of the 18th.
Although later European immigrants were also absorbed into the population, their genetic contribution was comparatively small. Another small but significant genetic contribution came from slaves and the local, indigenous Khoekhoe, and San populations. These groups were, respectively, pastoralists and hunter-gatherers and in this article we refer to them as the Khoe-San.
The colonizers required laborers and turned to slavery. In fact, there were more slaves than colonists at the Cape during the century preceding the abolition of the slave trade in The first of these slaves arrived from West Africa in An estimated 63, slaves followed during the next years. During the 17th and 18th centuries, most slaves came from South Asia. Slaves forcefully relocated to the Cape at the end of the 18th century predominantly came from East Africa. People are, naturally, fascinated by their history.
However, it is often poorly documented, recorded with bias, or not recorded at all. How race relations in the 'rainbow nation' have become toxic. Who runs South African business? Image source, Corbis. The election of Nelson Mandela as president in marked the end of legalised racial discrimination. The government and private sector should deliver to all South Africans equally and not discriminate on identity".
Image source, Getty Images. Apartheid laws privileged white people and separated South Africans along racial lines. No-one is permitted to use the racial or gender classification for purposes of excluding any citizen from enjoying the rights in the country, that would be illegal".
This video can not be played To play this video you need to enable JavaScript in your browser. South Africa's coloured community: Not black enough, not white enough?
South Africa's 'toxic' race relations. The apartheid regime over-emphasised the differences among the various ethnic group, mainly between whites and non-whites, but also between black groups i. Xhosas and Zulus , and turned them against each other rather than against the government. The policy of racial segregation favoured the political and economic power for the white minority. Until today, South Africa has to deal with the consequences of this disastrous policy.
Large part of the fast growing black majority lives in oppressive poverty in the outer districts of the cities lacking sufficient sanitation, electricity and water.
Many of the residents are illiterate. The enormous poverty problem in South Africa is the major reason for the high crime rates. However, permanent white settlement did not begin until , when the Dutch East India Company established a provisioning station on the Cape. They are called Afrikaners and speak Afrikaans, a language closely related to the Dutch language. All low-paying work in Orania is performed by hard-up white Afrikaners. People who want to live in Orania buy shares in the Vluytjeskraal Aandeleblok, instead of freehold.
The screening of prospective shareholders allows for tight control. Buyers undergo extensive vetting, central to which is their fidelity to Afrikaans language and culture, a commitment to employing only white Afrikaners, and a string of conservative Christian undertakings. Unmarried couples, for instance, cannot live together. The town exists at the mercy of the South African constitution. A quarter of a century after the end of apartheid, black people are restricted to using the filling station on the edge of Orania.
The year-old and his wife, who have lived on a small nearby plot since the s, were once pursued and harassed by a pickup truck covered with Orania stickers when walking home after an evening with friends. Khumalo still remembers when Orania was a home for black families.
The guns carried on the hips of many Oranians, however, have been enough to convince him never to enter the town again. The 10 months since have been the best of his life, he says. Except you never have to go home. The spectre of Verwoerd, the architect of apartheid, is difficult to escape. His portrait and bust seem to be around every corner. His wife, Betsie, is buried in the town, and her old home has been converted into a Verwoerd museum.
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