A lot of other things can affect that. Factors that impact how drunk you feel include:. From the second you take a sip, alcohol starts working its way through your body, affecting everything from your mood to your muscles. Just how hard it hits you depends on a lot of variables, which can make its effects difficult to predict. Adrienne Santos-Longhurst is a Canada-based freelance writer and author who has written extensively on all things health and lifestyle for more than a decade.
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However alcohol does not occur in the body naturally. Who you are and what you do alters the effects of alcohol has on your body. Eating a large meal before you drink slows down the effects of alcohol. This is because when you eat the combined alcohol and food stays longer in the stomach. This means the booze isn't released into the bloodstream as quickly.
Fizzy alcohol will make you feel the effects of alcohol more quickly as the bubbles increase the pressure in your stomach, forcing alcohol into your bloodstream faster. The other thing that can affect how alcohol is absorbed is your sex. This is because men tend to have more muscle tissue than women. Muscle has more water than fat, so alcohol will be diluted more in a person with more muscle tissue. Women are also thought to have less of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase, which breaks down alcohol, so they will get drunk more easily.
Dr Nick Knight told Newsbeat: "Age can affect how you process alcohol too. It can mean it is metabolised faster. Particular effects of alcohol on the body make drinking dangerous for drivers. Alcohol affects the brains 'neurotransmitters', the chemicals in the brain which carry messages to other parts of the body and tell it what to do.
The scientific name of alcohol is ethanol. Ethanol is both water-soluble and fat- soluble. It means that when a person drinks wine, the alcohol passes through the esophagus, stomach, intestines and other organs directly through the biofilm and enters the blood circulation, and is quickly transported to various tissues and organs throughout the body for metabolism. As the saying goes, the wine is in the intestines.
The ethanol absorbed by the stomach and intestines circulates into the liver through the blood. More than 90 percent of the ethanol is metabolized in the liver, and less than 10 percent of the ethanol is excreted directly through the kidneys, lungs, or sweat. There are three metabolic pathways in ethanol in hepatocytes, and each pathway is localized within a specific subcellular structure. When the concentration of ethanol in the blood is low, ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde under the catalysis of alcohol dehydrogenase ADH , and this process is completed in the cytoplasm.
When the ethanol concentration is too high, the ADH pathway cannot completely complete the metabolism of ethanol. At this time, the body will induce the expression of the cytochrome P gene to produce the enzyme CYP2E1 PEI , which initiates another metabolic pathway, which is through the oxidation of microsomal ethanol in the endoplasmic reticulum.
The enzyme system MEOS is metabolized to oxidatively decompose ethanol into acetaldehyde. Ethanol is metabolized through the MEOS pathway, which not only does not produce energy, but also increases the consumption of oxygen, leading to energy failure in the liver, injury to liver cells, and even death. This pathway is localized in the peroxidase body and is initiated when ethanol is excess.
In the mitochondria, acetaldehyde is converted to acetic acid by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH. Alcohol is a neurotropic substance that paralyzes brain cells, suppresses the central nervous system, and interferes with the brain's communication pathways. These interruptions can change moods and behaviors, making people unresponsive, unconscious, and slow-moving.
In addition, acetaldehyde, one of the intermediate metabolites of ethanol, builds up in the body, causing blushing, dizziness, and vomiting. These are common reactions to drunkness.
Ethanol enters the brain through the bloodstream and then attaches to the glutamate receptors in the brain's neural circuits. Glutamate is a neurotransmitter that normally stimulates neurons. Fortunately, alcohol can give some warning signs as itpenetrates into the brain and central nervous system, so if you spot the signs in yourself or a friend, moderate your or their drinking or stop drinking further amounts. The last thing you would want is to lose control, vomit or end up in hospital.
Severe cases of heavy drinking can result in alcoholic poisoning, coma or death. Your reactions also slow down, and as you drink more, you may become uncoordinated or unsteady on your feet.
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