A procedural text is when it conveys the steps to do something. For that reason, the information on a procedural text is written in a logical way. How do you know this is expository text? Expository text exists to provide facts in a way that is educational and purposeful.
The text is fact-based with the purpose of exposing the truth through a reliable source. True and deliberate expository text will focus on educating its reader. Other descriptors of exposition are clear, concise, and organized writing. What are informational texts examples? A procedural text such as cook books or craft directions A joke book.
A text with characters. What is literary text mean? A literary text is a piece of written material, such as a book or poem, that has the. Its primary function as a. What are Supplementals in a procedural text? When a procedural text includes "supplementals," this refers to a document that can be used in addition to the primary text and that can complement the instructions. This includes documents such as a troubleshooting guide, FAQs, index, or glossary.
What is a expository text? Expository text is a type of informational text that provides factual information about a topic using a clear, non-narrative organizational structure with a major topic and supporting information. How do you write a procedure and work instruction? Procedures and Work Instructions. Procedures describe a process, while a work instruction describes how to perform the conversion itself.
Process descriptions include details about the inputs, what conversion takes place of inputs into outputs , the outputs, and the feedback necessary to ensure consistent results. What is a process essay example? Process essay explains how to do something. Students must teach the reader through their writing. I love to share picture books and modeled writing to help students hear what procedural writing sounds like. My favorite picture books to read as mentor texts for this unit include:. Another great way to show examples of procedural writing is to use modeled writing.
By annotating modeled procedural writing together, students can see the elements of this writing genre in action and understand how to include these elements in their own writing pieces. All writing forms have patterns and structures specific to their genre. By explicitly teaching students the structure of procedural writing they will understand the key components. When introducing this form of writing, these are the three components I expect from students:.
Once I have gone over the structure of procedural writing, we revisit the picture books that were read to kick off the unit and identify these three components. As we gather them, we record them in graphic organizers.
This helps students to see the evidence from the books but also teaches them how to use the graphic organizer when they head out to write their pieces. Grab a procedural writing student reference page for FREE at the bottom of this post.
Students love using keywords to help move their writing pieces along. This is why we brainstorm a big list so that students have a word bank to select from when they are writing. Then we revisit the picture books to collect even more procedural writing keywords.
What makes procedural writing so engaging for students is that it gives them the opportunity to shine through writing pieces that highlight what they are good at. I have found that students love to pick topics that they know a lot about, like playing a game or sport or how to make their favorite snack. Be sure to also provide students with opportunities to write to topics that you select to challenge their writing skills even further. I know my students love to hear me share writing tips that they can implement in their own writing.
My favorite tips to share with students for procedural writing include:. Now that students know how to write procedural pieces, get them to work! Don't forget to grab materials to have them "test out" each other's procedural writing pieces. Very often too this will provide for the title of the text itself. To help your students get a sense of the importance of the title and its relationship with the goal of the text, provide them with a set of procedural texts with the titles removed.
In groups, have them brainstorm a variety of titles for the text. When they are finished, reveal the original title of the text and compare it with the suggestions made by the group. Soon they will start to see the pattern evolve and this will help them when they come to produce and name their own procedural texts.
Usually done in the form of a list, this component may also be titled Materials , Equipment , Ingredients , Items Needed etc and is pretty self-explanatory. This component comprises a list of things required to complete the procedure outlined in the text. For a recipe, this will obviously include things like ingredients, but may also include things like the appliances and tools required to follow that recipe to completion. For flat-pack furniture, for example, items like a screwdriver, spanner, the glue will form this section.
Science experiment procedural texts will include apparatus such as Bunsen burners, test tubes, litmus paper etc. Regardless of the specific purpose of the text in question, the resources listed in this section will usually be presented in the order they will be used, as far as this is relevant or possible.
This is the heart of the procedural text as it outlines step-by-step the methodology to follow in the procedure itself. Again, the title of this section of the procedural text may vary depending on the specific type of writing it is. Longer user guides and instructional manuals will have a complex and extensive list of steps to follow that will employ subtitles and subsections to explain micro-processes within the wider procedure being described.
Simpler texts, such as recipes, will be much less complex in structure. It is important to encourage students to think very logically about the process they are attempting to outline in their writing. Too often students write themselves into corners as they try to describe complicated procedures while struggling with the technical difficulties of constructing grammatically sound sentences. A good rule of thumb for student writers is to use many short and simple sentences when writing about complex ideas.
We will talk more on this aspect when we discuss language features in greater detail. The conclusion of a procedural text offers guidance to the reader on how they can evaluate the success of the procedure that has been followed. This may take the form of, for example, a description of the completed meal for a recipe text or a description of the assembled furniture in a flat-pack instruction guide. Depending on the type of text in question, often illustrations can be used to reinforce what a successfully followed procedure will look like.
Given the broad range of forms, a procedural text may take, we should not expect that all of the structure and features outlined will apply equally to each type of text. However, the following is some valuable general advice for students to bear in mind when they are considering the language registers of their text. Procedural texts are one of the few writing genres that regularly use the second person pronoun that addresses the reader in a general way.
Given the nature of these types of text, the simple present tense is the preferred tense for this type of writing. In this regard, it offers a great opportunity to focus on verb work, especially on imperatives. These command words, or bossy words, such as cut , take , hold are often used to give orders for readers to follow as they move step by step through the process outlined in the text.
This is a nonfiction genre and this should be reflected in the choice of language. There is little to no place here for flights of imagination or figurative turns of phrase.
Students should stick to plain, straightforward sentence structures and word choices. Sentences should also provide detailed information on the how of performing each of the steps in the process outlined. For example, remove carefully rather than simply remove — when care is necessary for the satisfactory performance make sure it is stated explicitly.
Actions should be outlined sequentially and time connectives can be used to help organize the necessary steps chronologically. For example, use of adverbial time words, such as: first , second , before , then , after. Encourage students to focus on answering the questions of where and when of each of the actions they instruct the reader to follow. The challenge in writing a good procedural text is to deliver your instructions in a logical manner.
Ensure your instructions are straight to the point and that you as the author understand what you are trying to achieve. You really want to answer three questions to your audience. Ensure you also clearly understand your audience, as this will have a big impact upon the language you use.
It can often be difficult to describe actions in words — even for accomplished writers.
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